The Tipping Point

In the novel, The Tipping Point, by Malcolm Gladwell epidemics are meant to include smoking, crime and even Hush Puppies. People you know can spread social or medical epidemics. Epidemic: Spreading rapidly and extensively by infection and affecting many individuals in an area or a population at the same time. In the novel, The Tipping Point, by Malcolm Gladwell he explains many epidemics that have effected everyone in one way or another. For example, Hush Puppies, teenage smoking, and crime in cities.It is said that there are three people involved in the spread of many epidemics. These people are mavens, salesmen, and connectors. Mavens are people who live to learn. Maven comes from the Yiddish, it means one who accumulates knowledge. (60) It is said that mavens are â€Å"obsessed† with getting the best deal on items. Also involved in spreading an epidemic is a â€Å"salesman. † This person has the skills to persuade other people that are unconvinced of the idea we are hearing. (70) The last and most commonly heard is a connector.A connector is one person who knows a wide range of people. â€Å"Sprinkled amount every walk of life, in other words, are a handful of people with a truly extraordinary knack of making friends and acquaintances. They are Connectors. † (41) Two significant men in the novel are Bernard Goetz, and Roger Horchow. Horchow is described as a Connector, whereas Goetz would be considered a salesman. A Successful business man in the area of Dallas, Roger Horchow is a prime example of a connector. Horchow has backed popular Broadway plays such as Les Miserables and Phantom of the Opera.Horchow had scored a 98 on a list of randomly selected names from a Manhattan phonebook, the average score was not that high. What makes him know so many people? He told Gladwell, that he was not using his range of people as a business strategy, and he did not consider it a collection (43) but for him to know. Horchow has the memory to remembe r the little boys he played with when he young. Remembering every name, and address of the person. (44) When in the business world you meet many different people.If you are a true business man and this person you have met would help you succeed, one would remember them. I know many connectors that are in my life, but when writing this one comes into mind. Phil Marcario, or as me and my friends had come to know him, Uncle Phil. He owns a restaurant that is known by many. Uncle Phil moves around a lot, from Cutchogue, to Wading River, to Rocky Point, and now to Jamesport, and Florida. Holidays and occasions as he talks about the people he knows, I constantly ask him â€Å"How do you know so many people†. He simply answers, â€Å"People owe me a lot of favors. That could be the Italian in him speaking, but after reading the Tipping Point, I often wonder if he is a connector and has started epidemics. â€Å"Perhaps it is best to call the Connector impulse simply that- an impuls e, just one of the many personality traits that distinguish one human being from another. † (46) December, 22 1984, something unthinkable happened on a subway in New York City. Bernard Goetz shot four young boys who were attempting to mug Goetz. (134) Some would say he was asking to be mugged by sitting next to the boys when the car was completely empty.But was he demonstrating something to the other subway goers? This man was considered a hero by many. He had shown people that there is a way to stop being mugged, although it was violent and illegal. Illegal and ungodly, sure, but the city's crime rate reached â€Å"epidemic proportions. † (135) Murders had now seem to drop by two thirds of what they had been. A salesmen is someone who persuades and convinces other people to buy, or believe something. How is Goetz a salesmen? He sold the idea that there is a way of lower the crime in New York City. This shooting open doors for subways. The Graffiti was symbolic of the c ollapse of the system. † (142) Soon enough the subway companies brought in David Gunn to help with this problem. Every night the cars would be painted over covering the fresh graffiti that youths had done. No car that was dirty would be used on the tracks. A salesman makes emotional sense of an idea or an object. (200) A salesman convinces the unconvinced, and teaches the uneducated. Goetz taught New York City officials about the crime in a violent matter, but both my mother and Goetz taught a person, or a while city by doing.Connecters, Mavens, and Salesman fall into one of the three laws that were described in the book The law of the Few. This law says that those three categories of people are the ones responsible for spreading epidemics. So if one were ever thinking of spreading a word-of-mouth epidemic, you would want them to be your prime resource. (256) Roger Horchow and Bernard Goetz two men who had spread or had the ability to spread epidemics make you think that there are many people close to you that can too spread social and public epidemics.

How to Analyze That Problem.

Case 02: How to Analyze That Problem? 1. What Is your decision? I have formulated the following decisions after delightfulness all the relevant facts revealed with the help of the Scheduling Supervisor, Joyce Lane, during the said meeting: * For the succeeding operations, the production department must stick to the steel which contains the old formula of alloy since the one with the new formula of alloy has an effect on the Panther panels, thus, making them burred.The objectives of the company about the welfare of its employees must be cleared to them so that they may be encouraged to work harder and stop from doubting the intentions of the company, thus, learn to trust the company's interests. * The issue between Farrell and Valentine must be put to an end to prevent such from leading into a more serious problem. Farrell must be reprimanded for not informing Cogging first about his concerns before suspending Valentine. Also, Valentine must be ordered to come jack to work since there Is no proof about him being accused of drinking on the Job, In the first place. . Who will Implement your decision? The shift to the steel which contains the old formula of alloy and the outsourcing of products will be implemented by Robert Polk as the Production Chief and Ben Peters as the Quality Control Manager together with the men in the lines where Panther panels are being produced. * The gathering of employees and resolution of the conflict involving Farrell and Valentine will be headed by Cogging, the Industrial Relations Manager. 3. What measures will you put in place so that the problem will not recur?The Internal control of the company regarding the purchase of raw materials Is poor. If new materials will be employed In the future, there must be tests or examinations to be performed first to know the changes that may occur as well as materials. * A system of quality control which pertains to policies and procedures to be taken into consideration by each and everyone comp osing the whole entity must be established and highlighted, especially such policies and procedures which focus on ethical requirements, to prevent future conflicts between them.

Balanced Scorecard Assignment and Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Balanced Scorecard Assignment and Paper - Essay Example The report will also define the segments which need to be addressed by the baby shop in order to enhance its business. The balanced scorecard is an extension of traditional financial measures. Financial measures are solely not enough as they only provide information about the past events. These were applicable for the companies in the industrial age when investments in long-term capabilities and customer relationships were not given any preferences. In the modern technological age only financial measures are not adequate. In order to remain competitive and successful in business it is important for a business to create future value through investment in customers, suppliers, employees, processes, technology, and innovation."Â   (Balanced Scorecard Institute, 2009)Â   c. Customer value: Continuous customer support through online and telephonic support. With the changing business attitudes a need of rebounding between the customers and the business corporations is also felt. The call centers are seen as an important instrument in order to explain the sales executives what is being required by the customers in shape of products and services and hence improving the sales by targeting the actual requirements of the customers. The following advantages are attached with the use of call centers There must be a continued effort to improve all business and production processes. Quality improvement projects, such as on-time delivery, order entry efficiency, billing error rate, customer satisfaction, cycle time, scrap reduction, and supplier management, are good places to begin technical techniques such as SPC, benchmarking, quality function deployment, and designed experiments are excellent for problem solving. Employee involvement should be encouraged on every step of organisational planning, from decision making to implement change in the organisation. A program can be found effective when the employers guarantee the involvement of the employees at each

The Cultural Dominance of the Christians Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Cultural Dominance of the Christians - Essay Example Historically, they are almost a blank, we only know that at the end of this period of rapine and death the region now called Europe was utterly changed† (Doren cited in Riley). It was fundamentally the cultural dominance of the Christians that had enabled Europe to survive through this political instability. Another reason they are remembered as the dark ages is the fact that little if any, first-hand account of that period could ever be found. That was so because owing to the lack of education, reading and writing were not the virtues of the people of that era. It was the Christian church that learned during the Dark Ages. After the fall, instead of Rome’s City of Man, people accepted Augustine’s City of God. The converts had little concern with the materialistic world. They could sacrifice their status to attain spiritual wellbeing. The limited academic progress of society was the consequence of Christians’ lack of interest in science. Ans. Before explaining who the Historical Jesus was, it is advisable to mention that the Jesus Christ and the Historical Jesus was the same person. Some people consider the Jesus of Nazareth different from the historical Jesus. â€Å"The general consensus among non-evangelical scholars has been that the Jesus presented in the Bible, and the one who actually walked on the earth are two distinctly different people. The Bias of the Gospel and Epistles authors is often cited as the problem† (â€Å"The Historical Jesus†). The historical Jesus was provided with certain powers by God Almighty like he could bring a dead person back to life with due permission from God.

The Yield Curve Kink Decision Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Yield Curve Kink Decision - Essay Example For example, Tony Boeckh had extensive skills in bank credit and was a skilled economist. On the other hand, James Hymas, who was the president and the chief executive officer, was the portfolio manager while Eric Deckert and Bing Li were the company analysts (Hunger, 2002). Currently the company is managing over $1.7 billion, pension funds. As the company portrayed strong record of accomplishment, it attracted more clients and within 7 years, it gained over $400 million in pension business even though it lost small pension accounts that were worth $10 million in total (Iansiti and Levien, 2004). By the end of September 1997, Greydanus, Broekh and Associates annualized return stood at 13.80% rising above the SCM universe bond index that stood at 13.56% (Steve, 2010). At the same year, the company monthly returns at the end of September stood at 1.97% while the duration was 5.56 as compared to the SCM return and duration which stood at 1.72% and 5.47 respectively. According to the independent pension consultant, GBA investment style includes 20% pure interest rate anticipation while the quantitative value strategies stood at the remaining 80%. Given its effort to make sustainable investment decisions, GBA makes its investment decisions based quantitative as well as computer models. In order for the company to increase its revenue, sometimes it times the market for example in 1994 and 1995. During this time, GBA noted that the market had overshot and the possibility of interest rates declining was high. As a result, the company limited its investment portfolio to avoid losses. In most of the times, the company managed its investment portfolio in a range within 1.5 years of the recognized standard fixed income benchmark unless the customers applied a different benchmark (Steve, 2010). One notable aspect to note for GBA is that it invested entirely in government bonds, and a strategy the company adopted in ensuring the maximum earnings of

MBA Admission essays Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

MBA Admission essays - Essay Example Many students plagiarize and are caught. The truth is that in order to provide depth of research, a writer will need to combine primary and secondary sources. In the sciences, for example, raw data is important, but how that data has been interpreted by others, over the years, is also very significant. You need to cite that work and not merely present it as your own. It is important to use academic libraries, online databases such as ProQuest, and Google Books and Scholar, in order to find these sources and put them into action. Beware collecting or holding on to irrelevant information, which is sometimes a temptation. It is easy to get sidetracked and create a â€Å"bulge†Ã¢â‚¬â€a part or paragraph of the essay that has no real connection with the thesis. It is also easy to forget where your work starts and where someone else s begins. That is how a lot of plagiarism begins. You copy a lot of quotes into your paper hoping to use them and cite them properly, but over the week s you begin to forget what work is yours and what work is not. There are many examples of this happening to students (Richardson). An article by Sue McGowan and Margaret Lightbody provides a lot of useful information about plagiarism and its consequences. The authors of this paper are deeply concerned about it. They suggest that instead of threatening to punish students who plagiarize work, a more effective approach is to educate them about the affects and consequences of plagiarism. The authors describe an experiment to help educate accounting students. The study asked students a number of important questions relating to plagiarism. For example, when is it necessary to cite references. What does it mean to paraphrase? What are the potential punishments or disciplinary actions for performing an act of plagiarism? The authors concluded that providing students with an incentive to put references in their work is a good way to avoid acts of

Waste Control of Medical Supplies in the Health Care Industry Research Paper

Waste Control of Medical Supplies in the Health Care Industry - Research Paper Example Various legal and clinical standards have been set forth in order to manage the disposal of hospital wastes. To some extent, these policies and standards have been relatively effective in managing hospital wastes. Improvements to these standards are still needed in order to ensure that hospital wastes are effectively managed and that risks to the general population in relation to such wastes are minimized. This paper shall discuss the current waste control of medical supplies in the health care industry. It shall also discuss the impact of ineffective waste management on hospitals and on disease management. It shall also consider the different possible improvements which can be made in the waste control and management of healthcare wastes. This paper is being conducted in the hope of establishing an academic and scholarly approach and answer to the topic on healthcare waste control. Discussion Most of the wastes from healthcare facilities can be considered regular solid municipal was te. However, some of these wastes need special attention – these are sharps (needles, razors, scalpels), pathological wastes, infectious wastes, pharmaceutical wastes, biological wastes, and hazardous chemical wastes (Johannessen, et.al., 2000). All in all, these wastes are referred to as special health care wastes. Wastes from isolation wards and microbiological laboratories also require special attention. The rest of the waste from healthcare facilities include packaging, reusable medical equipment, and secondary wastes created by disposal technologies (Johannessen, et.al., 2000). Inappropriate and inadequate management of these products exposes people and the environment to health risks. Various healthcare workers, patients, waste handlers, and the general public are exposed to various health risks from these infectious wastes (most especially, the sharps), chemicals, and other hospital wastes (Johannessen, et.al., 2000). And the exposure to these wastes is often seen with the improper handling by health workers. The WHO (1999) has successfully classified the different types of healthcare wastes and these include: communal waste and special wastes (infectious, anatomic, pharmaceutical, genotoxic, chemical, heavy metals, pressurized containers, and radioactive materials). Communal wastes are all solid wastes which are not infectious, chemical or radioactive. These can specifically include packaging materials and office supplies. These wastes can generally be disposed of in communal landfills or similar arrangements (WHO, 1999). Segregation and recycling applies to these wastes. Special wastes on the other hand are classified into various categories and are not in any way classified for communal landfills. Infectious wastes are wastes from humans or animals which can potentially transmit infectious diseases to humans (WHO, 1999). These wastes include those which are discarded from equipment during diagnosis, treatment, and prevention stage of the disea ses or the assessment of the patient during which contact with blood, tissues, saliva and other patient derivatives may have been seen. Such wastes include: cultures and stocks, tissues, dressings, swabs, items soaked in blood, syringe needles, scalpels, diapers, blood bags, and similar items (WHO, 1999). All sharps regardless of usage by infected patient or not, is considered under infectious wastes. Other

Marketing Mangement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Marketing Mangement - Essay Example In order to fulfill or achieve his targets, a good marketing manager leads his subordinates and organization towards meeting these objectives. In a diversified organization like General Motors, a marketing manager can look at the overall objective of the business and then based on this objective he can setup the strategies or goals of various different products or SBUs within a business. Only when these objectives are in line with the mission or vision of a business, a business like General Motors can achieve success by meeting their targets. The marketers can provide certain very useful information on the basis of planning. They can provide sales data of a product, consumer reactions to the product, changes in consumer tastes, impact of competition in the market and how to make sure that the product remains successful in the market. Only if they have well-defined plans they can hedge volatility in the markets and can take large and diversified companies towards success. SBU strategy or business-level strategy can acquaint a firm with the market

Form and Structure Essay Example for Free

Form and Structure Essay As an AS drama group, we carried out certain exercises on narrative structure, to identify ourselves with that used in the play. For instance, we each acted out a scene, illustrating an everyday activity such as waking and getting up. We then narrated these scenes first in the first person narrative, then in the third. This enabled us to identify with how Brecht wished his actors to perform, as by narrating our own actions in the third person narrative, we were detaching ourselves from the parts we were playing, and so were not thinking emotionally what should this character think and feel now, but rather thought, how should this character appear. This also enabled us to understand how the process of taking photographs of scenes and trying to identify what was occurring within that scene, helped Brecht decide if his actors were performing correctly. The Verfremdungseffekte were designed to expose the familiar; Brechts actors were to present things in their concrete reality so that the audience would be encouraged to think about what had given rise to situation depicted, in this case Hitlers, or Uis rise to power, and therefore consider ways to change those conditions in the future. * The Resistible Rise of Arturo Ui is divided into 15 scenes, some of which are subdivided into several sections identified by letters. These 15 scenes are then divided almost equally into 2 acts. This symmetry gives the play a degree of continuity, enabling it to flow smoothly. Scene 8 displays a structure unique from that of other scenes throughout the play. It is the scene in which the innocent fish is on trial for potentially burning down Hooks warehouse. He is being tried before a corrupt judge caused by the manipulation of the judicial system by Ui and his underlings. This scene is divided into seven parts, a to g. Each of these parts is shorter in length than that preceding it, hence quickening the pace of the play and building tension within the scene. The shortening sections also highlight Fishs plunge into a prison sentence, that which he is undeserving of.

Market Analysis of Ford Motor Company

Market Analysis of Ford Motor Company Introduction Ford Motor Company is an American multinational automaker and founded by Henry Ford. Ford Motor Company has many product lines such as the Ford Fiesta, Ford Focus, Ford Escape, Ford Ranger and other Ford products. Ford Motor Company has many dealers in the world wide so that consumers can buy the car at their nearest place. Research Objectives For this essay,  I am going to research how Ford Motor Company  approach their target market, SWOT analysis, environmental forces and 4 elements of marketing mix to attract people to buy their products. Target Market The organization of FORD is using Differentiated Strategy in their businesses. This strategy is to targets two or more segments by developing marketing mix for each segment. FORD Motor Company designed to appeal to many different types of consumers and to satisfy many different needs in the form of economy cars, sports cars, luxury cars, station wagons, vans, trucks, and so on. Now the latest cars that the company produce is FORD FIESTA, this car are focus on young people and ladies. Segmentation variables Segmentation variables used by FORD Motor Company are Geographic segmentation, Demographic segmentation, Psychographic segmentation and Behavioral segmentation. Ford automobile is mainly segmented to the United Kingdom automobile market industry but it also segmented to others country like Malaysia, Indonesia and so on to various basis which are the parts of above mentioned factors. The latest model FORD FIESTA is using Demographic Variables which is age, gender and income. It is because this model is focus for young people, ladies and average income consumer. In the other hand, FORD FIESTA also uses behaviorist variables with the benefit for safety and fuel efficiency. Market Segment Profiles FORD Motor Company profile offers a comprehensive analysis for the organization, it is business segments, and competitors. It used to analyze the business and marketing strategies adopted by the company, and to gain a competitive edge in the market industry. This profile also evaluates the strengths of the company and the opportunities present in the market. It is also involves analysis of the company at three levels segments, organizational structure and ownership composition. Beside this, both business and geographic segments are analyzed along with their recent financial performance. It further discusses the major subsidiaries of the company and the recent merger acquisitions. Most of the consumer for FORD Motor Company may choose our product because the organization has the needs of the consumers. Evaluate Relevant Market Segment The FORD organization is selling FORD FEISTA for a reasonable price. It is because this product has the necessary that are good for the consumers such as save fuel. This product is increasing the sale potential for the company. It also determines the market industry that the Ford Motor Company is segment to the right position for the product that the consumers are likely to buy this automobile for their daily use. Target Markets FORD Motor Company designed as the new model FORD FIESTA is target to young people and ladies. The young people that the organization focuses on 18-25years old which are teenagers and ladies with average income can affordable to purchase the cars. And this kind of model is suitable for those unmarried people because this car only have 5 seats that are not for a big size family. Therefore, this automobile size is average so it is suitable for those consumers that like middle size car. SWOT ANALYSIS One tool marketers use to assess an organisations strengths weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Strengths Strengths define as the competitive advantages or core competencies that given the organization an advantage in meeting the needs of its target markets. Ford automobile company is the one of the best known brand name in the world. Then, the brand is well-known in automobile industry and global markets due to huge marketing and advertising. Ford admits greater amount of customer loyalty and all its individual brands have been enjoying the benefits of the good reputation that they have through the quality makes and services. Ford is providing the consumer more variety of car and commercial vehicle. Some more, quality to ensure of Ford needs to be more complete and must be consistently monitored with permit standard to make certain no future faults and thereby to achieve customer satisfaction. Ford automobile company will maintain good relation with the employees by offering better work environment and competitive wages that are assert to recruits a qualified and skilled employee in all its functions. Otherwise, Ford is more concerned about the working environment and safety aspects of the employees. Furthermore, Ford always develops cars on standardized procedure and invested heavily in alternate fuel source. This manufacturing facilities operating its business more than thirty countries and enhances its manufacturing process at around ninety plants and facilities worldwide that is because operations and distribution efficiency of the Ford automobile company is the wealth. Weaknesses Weaknesses mean any limitations that a company faces in developing or implementing a marketing strategy. Fords automobile company brand image was harmed and the company has a lot of suffered due to products recalls. For example the Ford Focus recalls the car which has some problem. This has made a large cost to the company as well as harm the brand image and make a bad impact to Fords sales. Furthermore, Ford automobile company lack of design phase and innovative design structures on their new paddle of cars. This is because the technology not as well as other it will influence Ford to cause the low productivity. Thus Ford can overcome their weakness to achieve greatest of strengths. Apart of that, management is missing focus on some lines performance because Ford automobile company expands more business operations in diversified geographical areas. Next, Ford does not have an effective cost management system and have not taken considerable efforts to overcome. Ford has a small marke t share therefore the sale will decline the sales and also due to global recession in the world finance market. That is the reason for decline of sales. Another reason is Ford will manufacture the standard cars which are not able to cope up with current market automobile. Opportunities Opportunities know as a favorable condition in the environment that could produce rewards for the organization if acted upon properly. Ford has to expand more option in designing the cars and commercial vehicles are expected to switch toward hybrid electric engines due to the petroleum. Hence, Ford can build the car that run on electricity that form of energy outside the petrol and diesel and to promote pass through to the future opportunities that will be increasing. Ford has a chance to become more environment friendly company with cleaner engine emissions because hybrid engines are more fuel efficient less pollute than conventional gasoline and diesel engines. Ford has a great opportunity to produce fuel efficient cars and commercial vehicles. On the other way, Ford has one more option in designing the cars and commercial vehicle based on electric engine. The Ford automobile industry is having one more fuel efficient types whereas cars can run on renewable energies like solar powe r and bio fuels. This can help the company to become pioneers in the industry. The Fords car is providing the facilities based on the travel habits of the whole family. By the other way, the Ford car also is medium cost car which can be giving affordable by the medium class people. Threats Threats are the meaning for a conditions or barriers that may prevent the organization from reaching its objectives. The cost of petroleum is rising day by day and remains to be in the state of uncertainly so that electric drive vehicle that is the reason will be in high demand. On the other hand, the Ford growth and development may effect by high-speed growth in amount of competitors in this automobile industry. The main competitors of Ford are Nissan, Honda, Toyota, and so on. They have also threatened Fords market share. Besides this, Fords capital spending is indeed lower than the competitor. The reason is this capital spending has included the research development expenditure which could influence the company from going ahead. If other automobile manufacturers have new ideas, program and new technology appear, that is also one of the threats to Ford Company. Therefore the economy depression also will influence the consumer ability of buying. Thus, the amount of sales will declin e. ENVIRONMENTAL FORCE Competitors FORD view environmental forces as uncontrollable and maintain passive and reactive to the environment. In the automobile market, FORD is facing many competitors like TOYOTA, HONDA and NISSAN. Competitors are affecting the FORD Company by reducing the sales rate. In this situation, FORD is producing a new model car which is FORD FIESTA this season of car is focus to attract young people and ladies. Not only that but FORD Motor Company also focused on creating a strong business plan that produce great products that contribute to this new generation. As part of organization plan, the company may continue to press forward to globalize automobiles platforms that can be adapted to meet specific regional needs. Flexible manufacturing capabilities allow us to bring products to market with greater speed and efficiency than ever before. The marketers define the FORD companies as an oligopoly competition in the market structure because in the market there are many substitutes available but only one company offerings for another. Political Forces FORD, along with other major automakers and the United Auto Workers (UAW), opposed a congressional bill to raise the average fuel economy standards to 35 miles per gallon by 2013. The organization believe that this would harm the SUV, pickup, and minivan industry. Political factors it may also influence the strategic planning of Ford Motor since government rules and regulations are concerned with the production of more eco-friendly automobiles in the daily function of the company. Due to the environmental concerns, the industry has to abide with the regulations aimed for reducing the pollution levels. In the other hand, non-compliance attracts heavy fines, which prove costly to the company. Not only that this regulations may also drive Ford to manufacture environmentally friendly and fuel-efficient cars to save the environment. In this situation, governments in a bid to lower the unemployment rate discourage Ford Motors from fully automating its operation, which would otherwise take up local jobs. Economic force As vehicle industry provide luxury product and services, the economy well being plays an important role in determining the demand for vehicle. During the economic prosperity, since there is significant increase purchasing power in people, usually they are willing to spend on purchase on new vehicle. Marketer often expands their product during in this economic stage. However, when there is happening recession it will cause a high unemployment rate in economy. People will start to spend less on luxury product such as vehicle or house. In this stage, people only will purchase the product that are necessary or might choose to buy second hand vehicle only. New vehicle not be the first choice for people to consider. Therefore, Vehicle Company usually will produce less vehicle in the economic. Meanwhile, rising petrol prices make more expensive for customer to drive petrol fuelled car. This reason might encouraged consumers inclined to change their vehicle which operate using diesel. Social-cultural force Cars usually are viewed as a status symbol by people around the  world. A persons influence and political status is reviewed by vehicle brands they hold. A person who sitting a luxury car can show his was having a higher status compared to other. Therefore, Ford intended to produce luxury cars due to growing demand on its brand and due to the increasing celebrities and other delicate. Technology force New technologies and convenience safety features are at its best in Fords 2010  paddle of cars. Technological advancements are inevitable for automotive industry in order to compete with competitors and to become pioneers in the industry by enriching new technologies. After Fords new and improved 2.0-liter, 4-cylinder Eco Boost engine to be launched to drive the upcoming year, Ford also  introduce 30 new power train actions globally in  2010. In case, Ford strives to improve quality with virtual technology in their vehicles that provides real benefits including reduction in injuries, improving quality. Thus, this all technology is helping the company to become pioneers. Ford also produces a middle size car and convenience safety cars for ladies. Besides that, Ford has competitive edge over attracting the women for the cars designed specifically for women by women designers in stereotypical view points. Legal and Regulatory Forces Ford Motor Company in relation to the Environmental Protection Agency adheres to the legal aspects of environmental scanning. Ford Motor Company accepts an award on March 2007 by the Environmental Protection Agency, Energy Star 2007 Partner of the Year Award in Energy Management. The company is the first automobile company manufacturer have been awarded prize for two years in a row. The award has come to be presented by the companys commitment is to increase energy efficiency and reduce greenhouse gas emissions from all institutions of society. In this situation, the Ford Company is following the laws and regulation for producing a vehicle. The organization is the responsible use of resources and energy Efficiency. The leadership are recognizes that the legislation on environmental protection is of great importance and encourages the use of Environmental Scanning in the right direction for the future success. PRODUCT STRATEGIES Product is anything that can be offered to a market for attention, acquisition, use, or consumption, which might satisfy a want or need for consumers. Products can be tangible and non-tangible. Non-tangible products are the services offered by the organization. Today, companies are creating and managing customer experiences with their products. Brand Strategy The Ford classified the brand names of midsize cars, elegant and generous by research techniques. Ford uses blue oval that Ford branding which determines price and value. The Ford oval is proud and historic symbol for Ford Motor Company and one of the most recognized trademarks in the world. This logo is the blue oval that Ford released in 2003 in honour of the 100 years Ford Motor Company had been around. It was named the Centennial Blue Oval. Packaging Cars are generally not packed as they dont have much importance. Cars usually dont get packed in a box, only if  someone wants to gift it. Ford does not use  packaging.   Labelling Labelling will be a small brochure about the Car parts specifications, so that they can see how exactly the car works, and what and from where the parts are. Product Design and Features The Ford Fiesta has a Kinetic design. This design is ensure the smoother ride with minimal noise, vibration and harshness. In this product have many features, such as Ti-VCT Engine (Twin Independent Variable Camshaft Timing), 6-Speed Power shift Automatic Transmission, Electronic Stability Programme (ESP) with Traction Control System (TCS), Bluetooth with voice control, fuel efficiency, seductive centre console and easy fuel. Product Support Services FORD Motor Company represents Ford Fiesta with better services and warranty. Ford Fiesta is given 3 years warranty, this warranty is only valid on the condition that the vehicle service as per recommended in the owners manual at an Authorized Ford Service Centre. Additional wear tear items are not listed will be charged accordingly. Besides that, customers are entitled for the free service at 10,000 km intervals starting from 10,000 km till 60,000 km. The Coverage includes Engine oil and à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ lter changes, Multi-Point Inspections, Replacement of brake pads and linings when worn, shock absorber replacements-is faulty, Spark plugs, Engine belts, Engine hoses, Wiper blades, Powerful Protection for Your Ford Vehicle. Tyres originally installed on Ford the vehicle are warranted separately by the concerned manufacturer and not by Sime Darby Auto Conne Xion. Battery failure within the first 3 years or 100,000 km, whichever comes first, will be covered under warranty. Ford Parts and Accessories Warranty are require 1 year or 20,000 km, whichever comes first and MUST be purchased and serviced by an Authorized Ford Dealer. PROMOTION STRATEGIES Ford has use difference promotional strategies to maintain their marketing edge over the competitors. Ford is the one of the top 20th of the highest media spend companies list. During the recession, the Ford starting to cut cost to reduced their promotional budget and cancelled all the promotion advertising. Ford organized a lot of campaigns and tied up with the long lasting sponsorships and regular to conducted sport events. The advertisements and logos with attractive strap line, amazing designs and advertisement are giving edge over competitors activities. Ford promotional strategy have classifications 2 type of promotion such as above the line promotion and below the line promotion. Above the line promotion are like mass media such as television , news papers , radio and so on . Below the line promotion is non-media advertisement like sponsorship, show, discounts to dealers and sales promotion activities . Advertising The main purpose of the advertising is to promote and support for the sales force to persuade the product to the public .Advertising is playing the important role to a company because it use to promote the brand or service and to improve the corporate image and sales. Advertising only can help toward the sales success. Ford started advertising with strap line Feel the difference in order to create a brand for Ford of Europe. Ford advertisement through attractive, unique pictures in news papers. Personal Selling This is the way to maintain the good relationship with customers to keep on the sales of the marketing. Personal selling is very useful for products which are complicated to self analyze and understand. Ford product does not have any difficulties to the customers. There are two teams to take care of product and offers other promoting activities which is sales and marketing teams. Public Relations/ Publicity Public relation is referring to the non-personal communication such as art and social science of analyzing trends, foresee their outcome. The public and organizations is serve by the counseling leader and the implementing planned. Then Ford through the publicity to boots up their sales by sponsorship Activities contest and other event. Sales Promotion The dealer giving some special offer of the product to attract the custom and also improve the sales .The example of special offers related to customers such as discounts, premium offers, free gifts price deals and so on. Some of the dealers and merchandisers will get different promotional offers such as point of sale displays. These offers are ensure for the dealers and the merchandisers use the proper way to promote the product. Ford has followed a very successful way of sales promotional to promote the new products which the sales will be improved. Ford has categorizes the customers into different segments in order to achieve the sales objectives by provided promotional offers to the customers. DISTRIBUTION STRATEGIES Distribution strategies are (Kurtz, 2010, p46) to ensure that consumers find their products in the proper quantities at the right times and places. Marketing Channel Distribution For the marketing channel selection, Ford Motor Company uses this channel as follow: Producer à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚ ¨ Dealers à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚ ¨ Consumers Vehicles that are manufactured at Ford factories are distributed to dealers through road or train transportation. Consumers can buy the cars directly at the dealers show room. Intensity of Market Coverage There are 3 types of intensity of market coverage, which are intensive distribution, selective distribution and exclusive distribution. Pride and Ferrell (2010, p400) state that intensive distribution uses all available outlets for distributing a product. Selective distribution uses only some available outlets in an area to distribute a product. Ford use exclusive distribution which is use only one outlet in a relatively large geographic. Exclusive distribution is suitable for products purchased infrequently, consumed over a long period of time, or required service or information to fit them to buyers needs. Ford Fiesta is a luxury automobile and only available in a select dealers show room. Supply Chain Management Supply chain management (Pride Ferrell, 2010, p388) is a set of approaches used to integrate the functions of operations management, logistics management, supply management and marketing channel management so products are produced and distributed, in the right quantities to the right locations and at the right time. Ford Motor Company has its own manufacturer to produce vehicle parts and combine it into a car. The Ford car will be sent through road transportation and train transportation to the dealer. Channel Management Issues Now Ford can sell the product through online. However, consumer cannot do the test drive through website. So, it is a weakness of online selling the car. PRICING STRATEGIES All of the element in the marketing mix, price is the only one to generates revenue. The other elements generate only cost. The profitability of a company is determined by the price and the competition in the market contributes the maximum to the important of pricing. Ford has implemented their own pricing strategies which is more demand or market based pricing oriented. Ford has use new strategies call Blue Tag, is expending from its large car to the small car range. The price reductions are between 6%-15% on the Ford Fiesta. Price objectives and basis The price objectives are the goals which are described the organization to achieve which through pricing effort. The pricing objectives are included marketing objectives and marketing mix strategies. Pricing basis is the initial price of a good and it is without any extra charges. The will be increase when the more specification of the car, the more the price basis of Ford product. The marketing objectives have included marketing position, survival, current profit maximization, market share leadership, and product quality leadership. Then, marketing mix strategies is target costing, non-price position, cost, and organizational considerations. New product pricing strategies Setting the base price for a new product is a necessary part of formulating a marketing strategy and is one of the most fundamental decisions in the marketing mix. The Ford Motor Company is setting two types of price which is price skimming and penetration pricing in the market industry. Price skimming is about the high possible price that people afford to pay for the product and penetration pricing is to competing brands and gain a significant market shares. For example, Ford Fiesta is committed for consumers safety like airbag, including our efforts to deliver top crash test ratings that customers look to when choosing new vehicle. So the company set a reasonable price for this model toward consumer. Promotional pricing strategies Price, as an ingredient in the marketing mix, is often coordinated with promotion. The two variables sometimes are so interrelated the pricing policy is promotion-oriented. The Ford automobile company makes promotion for the latest model Fiesta. For example, Ford promote like cash rebate for sale to attract more customers. Beside this, consumers will have a chance to get an iPhone4 and iPod as a reward when the consumers purchase this model automobile. By using this kind of promotion, it has been able to sell this model more than other competitors. Pricing issues Ford automobile may face many pricing issues like the price of materials that used to produce the cars. If the materials price is rising, it will lower the profit for the companies. On the other hand, the demand in market industry it also affects the price, if the demand for Ford Fiesta is high therefore price will increase. CONCLUSION Limitation The Ford product is expensive and only available for higher income people. The design of car is not beautiful compare to other competitor car. Recommendation Ford Motor Company can produce the car which is suitable for average income and lower income people. Ford Motor Company can try to create new design for the new car and try to post it online to let consumer vote. Conclusion Ford product have few target markets and we have do some research of how Ford Motor Company use SWOT analysis to sell their product. We also know how Ford Motor Company uses 4 elements of marketing mix to sell the product to the customer.

Case Study Of Changing Health Behaviour Tamara Nursing Essay

Case Study Of Changing Health Behaviour Tamara Nursing Essay Health behaviour is an accomplishment that enhances, continue or intimidate an individuals health (Barkway 2009, p. 126).The desire to change personal behaviour to enhance future health outcomes is usually overrated. It is inner personalities of the person that born or been nurtured the way they were. Health behaviour influences a lot of aspects in life and it is an ongoing process throughout lifespan. Experience and environmental factors influenced a persons behaviour. To transform ones health behaviours include prevention, management of treatment, right attitudes and awareness which are also the base to individuals perspectives. Variance between behaviour and knowledge might be within Tamara who professes to value health yet still smokes. Cognitive dissonance revealed that she recognized and understand the smoking effect in her heath, but her behaviour doesnt link with her knowledge and principles. With few attempts to change her smoking behaviour without success, its not just a matter on understanding and making it simple, therefore its important to identify what is involved in the process of behaviour change and turn it to psychology (Candlin 2008, p. 192). According to (Barkway 2009, p. 138) transtheoretical model of behaviour change, accommodate both behaviour and cognitive strategies. Cognitive based therapy help people to go further towards the perpetuation stage of positive health behaviour such as smoking cessation. In Australia, smoking is the third disease that causes most death: it is liable for about 80% of all lung cancer death and 20% of all other cancer deaths. Australian spent about 21 billion dollars in a year for tobacco in health care, social cost and business and passive smoking took life over 200 people a year; half of which are children. The healthcare setting is engaging and making a lot of awareness to the public; such as stop smoking campaign, going cold turkey, quit smoking month in working environment, Australia Better Health Initiative and Tags-program are aimed at children in primary schools. All these are to motivate and encourage all the young dynamic generation to quit smoking and to save the environment. Base on Tamaras case study, personal behaviours such as smoking, financial, fit in social and standard of living needs and do not need to be conventional to a health-focused model of behaviour change. Transtheorectical Model (TTM) of behaviour change analyses both behaviour and cognitive strategies. TTM also states clearly that the person can maintain the stages of positive health as maintenance and its also not uncommon for a person from maintenance stages to relapse before achieving to the stable stage. In this case study shows that Tamara has the determination to change and reached to the maintenance stage but her social circle influences are greater than her strong abilities, which makes her to reverse on the different stages in TTM. As a health professional to obtain successful outcomes of nursing care, the nurse must adopt the role as patient educator to start and facilitate the process of health behaviour change. The purpose to change a persons behaviour completely is impossib le but with effort, educations and reasoning can make the most changed in an individuals behaviour. TTM model was developed by Procaska and DiClemente (1984) from addiction research studies and was further expand by Prochaska et al (1992) as stated in (Barkway 2009 p. 138). Stages in TTM encourage a person to analyses as a cycle of change but not a failure. A precontemplation stage is where Tamara is not aware that smoking is bad to health and she does not feel as a treat because her parents are smokers and she has been broad up in such an environment that is acceptable. She might have the perception that if my parents smoke and they are healthy and so am I. Tamaras self esteem and pride that pulled her through when she is out with her friends and she feel herself been left out if she does not smoke as all her friends smoke. In the other hand she also used smoking as to maintain her body weight. In contemplation stage it is an effective stage where Tamara is aware that smoking is bad for health and in result there is a need to change after her father was diagnosed with early stage of emphysema. Her fathers state triggered Tamaras awareness and realized smoking is harmful for health. Preparation stage is where Tamara became aware the potential harm caused by smoking and makes an attempt to stop smoking by reducing it to only smoke on weekends. Action is the most crucial stage where autonomy and willpower plays an important role in decision making for an individual to choose the best for them (Leddy 2006, p. 165). For Tamara she decided to quit smoking for good due to her fathers illness. Maintenance or termination stage is whereby a person has to self control, belief on what the person need to achieve and has the resistance to temptation to surrounding environments and influences by social activities. In Tamaras situation she lacks of determination and willpower on her goals to cease smoking where the state that she relapsed and resume to daily smoking. Tamara has only short term achievement. Due to relapse, the whole process of TTM stages starts to recycle again. According to (West 2006, p. 774) argued that TTM are no stages in any significant sense and there is no cycle of change. TTM also mention that if a persons desire and if that condition is right, stimulates an attempt at change whose success depends on their background and personal factors. According to Prochaska, TTM model was the first model to tackle the subject at a population level. According to Prochaska, TTM is a progressive approach whereby individuals have to progress through stages but (West 2006, p. 775) argued that TTM should be a stage free whereby people who are at a given moment where more or less, than those who are in the process of trying to change and others who are more or less ascertain in their new behaviour styles. And yet another journal also reviewed that the effectiveness of interventions in TTM, regardless whether it is stage progression, behaviour change and with either no or with other type of intervention, or usual care control have limited evidence to be proven (Bridle et al. 2005, p. 295). According to (West 2006, p. 775) criticized TTM is a model whereby it overlooked the essential motivation process of an individual but Prochaska mentioned that TTM does include operant learning principles and not simply the positive and negative type of analysis. According to (West 2006, p. 775) that human beings inspiration is much livelier and influenced by the instant context. According to Prochaska, action stage needs a significant commitment of time and energy. This is the stage where an individual gets most recognition from others because of their visible efforts (West 2006, p. 775). Research caution not to oversight this visible action of trying to change naturally because that the individual only change when there is a must to change as when there is a need to reached the definite goal; a decisive factor which scientist and experts agree is enough to reduce risk to the problem behaviour. TTM stages function outside conscious awareness and did not follow the decision making rules where it weigh up the costs and benefits. There is modest or no consideration of the notion of addiction which is obviously a crucial consideration when it comes to smoking behaviour. Prochaska described that temptation as the strength of urges to fit in a precise habit while in complex situation. Proschaska further mention that situations of negative effect or emotional distress, positive social situations, and cravings are the most common types of temptation to acknowledge. Temptation and self-efficacy have an inverse relationship with each other across the stages of change as its proven in studies (Guo 2009, p. 834). In an article it was shown that argument about the TTM was not against the existence or measurement of discrete entities that would be nonsensical, but (West 2006, p. 774) mentioned that TTM was actually criticized on the stages. There isnt any evidence to prove that TTM measures were superior to predicting the desire or intention of health behaviour change. In order for TTM to be generalized to the population, more studies should be carried out (Bridle et al. 2005, p. 299). It is important to analyse the process of hypothesis for each stages of transition in TTM (Guo 2009, p. 834). However, with the best evidence available it is limited not only in terms of methodological quality, but also the effectiveness of TTM interventions in health behaviour change in relation to either facilitate or promote progress stage (Bridle et al. 2005, p. 299). As a health professional has traditionally been apprehension with individuals risk factors for disease, economic, social and political causes for health issues. Its a challenge for a nurse to assist a person to change his/her lifestyle and there is no miracle to make a person to change their behaviour overnight. As a first step, Tamara should prepare herself on her action and planned on what she needs to help herself. Tamara also needs to be actively taking part in her action on developing and monitor herself on her progress. The healthcare professional has to set goals for Tamara and counselling is the first step of her improvement. During this stage of behaviour change, consciousnesses should be raised and assess the knowledge, barriers and how the family members can help Tamara; also check on the degree of the readiness of Tamara in change of herself. Tamara should prepare herself emotionally to face the physical, environment and her personal values. Tamaras counselling should include on how to handle her smoking influences when attend social activity, weight loss program-exercise and the harm of smoking effect for herself and people surrounding her. Evidence shows that women who are active in exercise initiated a quit attempt, which embrace promise and motivated to quit smoking (Vidrine et al. 2006, p. 101). Also set a quitting date, teach her coping skills. Build a good healthcare professional and patient relationship. Compassionate, empathy and concern from healthcare professional, that numerous smokers have effectively quit smoking (Vidrine et al. 2006, p. 101). As a healthcare professional, encourage or engage Tamara to speak to people who have successfully changed their lifestyle habits. In the early phase of change, the immediate positive verbal feedback of her desire should be re-assessed and re-evaluated by healthcare professional. That would help the healthcare professional to evaluate on how far Tamara has achieved her target. Arrange a support group, and telephone counselling, therefore whenever she feels she need a listening ear to reduce her stress, she can get help directly. That action would help to prevent her from relapse. As a healthcare professional, motivations, support and follow up on the progress of her health behaviour changes should be reviewed every 2 to 3 week for the initial period with telephone calls review, and 1to 3months of follow ups to check on her progress. Theres a lot of other ways of interventions and different types of healthcare professionals approaches in their own unique way for smoking cessation. More healthcare professionals training is needed in cessation of smoking and further behaviour researches in general have to establish. In conclusion, even there are pros and cons in TTM stages, it should be taken the measures of the attitudes as an individual towards quit smoking. All the result supports the concept that attitudes influences both intention and behaviour. TTM stages is a useful evaluation method, it can be use as a guide and valuable psycho-educational tools. TTM also facilitate and educate candidates about the change process in nature and dynamic of change. Feedbacks on performance are accurate and timely as the progress is crucial part of the self-regulatory cycle. Usage of Transtheorectical Model is base on the type of research as different research design offers different rank of evidence about the efficiency. TTM stages help a person to know where, when, how and at which stage change of behaviour affected, such as relapse and also help the person to improve or recover from the stage of relapse. Without stages its difficult for a healthcare professional to determine at what level or degree an individual is experiencing. Currently there are a lot of evidences supporting TTM and criticizing the model therefore it will be appealing to see what future will find.

Unwinding the Spool of Civilization in Pontings The Green History of the World and Quinns Ishmael :: Green History of the World Essays

Unwinding the Spool of Civilization in Ponting's The Green History of the World and Quinn's Ishmael  Ã‚   Clive Ponting's The Green History of the World and Daniel Quinn's Ishmael both critique the dominant paradigms of modern human civilization-especially where its relationship with environment is concerned. Both feel strongly that we are in trouble. Neither are quite willing to make final connections and present us with a systematic method for getting out of our impending ecological crisis, but they both do spell out what has been wrong, what is wrong now, and what will happen should we choose not to take evasive action. In the absence of similar works "in the canon" it is hard not to feel as though, (as the character Ishmael promised), if you accept their premises you are doomed to isolation for, those who see the future most clearly are usually outcasts, lost as to what power they may have to change minds and directions. Enlightenment almost always comes at a price, often steep. In the interest of exploring the necessity of dissent, let's follow that line of environmental thought a little further. Ponting presents us with the scientific/cultural evidence that backs up what Quinn is saying: that we as a species are destroying our foundations even as we proclaim our creation-Civilization-a success. If this massive breakdown and foreboding future are certainties, then we must ask-as Quinn does-who or what is telling us lies to make us believe otherwise? His character Ishmael calls it "Mother Culture" and insists that its pervasive voice acts to keep us on course even when large portions of the population have every reason to lose hope in Her tenets. This all-powerful entity would, presumably, include most educational establishments and media outlets, and so information to the contrary would rarely be funded or reported, and probably never directly emphasized. Which leaves us with a challenge: using Thomas Kuhn's model for change in the social sciences, we must endeavor to see if the Ponting/Quinn paradigm for all civilization is merely a shift in attitude or-as would be difficult for Kuhn to imagine-an entirely new realization that carries with it remedies for the penalties it warns of. If this is a shift back in paradigm, to hunter-gatherer or Noble Savage imagery, then the potential for civil disruption is great. With the stakes of annihilation as high as they are presented, such a shift could justify sweeping political/economic reform that-in the absence of the believed-in reality-would only place more of the Earth's population in positions of subsistence and subservience.

African-american Troops In The Civil War: The 54th Massachusetts :: essays research papers

African-American Troops in the Civil War: The 54th Massachusetts The Fifty-fourth Massachusetts was organized in early 1863 by Robert Gould Shaw, twenty-six year old member of a prominent Boston abolitionist family. Shaw had earlier served in the Seventh New York National Guard and the Second Massachusetts Infantry, and was appointed colonel of the Fifty-fourth in February 1863 by Massachusetts governor John A. Andrew. As one of the first black units organized in the northern states, the Fifty-fourth was the object of great interest and curiosity, and its performance would be considered an important indication of the possibilities surrounding the use of blacks in combat. The regiment was composed primarily of free blacks from throughout the north, particularly Massachusetts and Pennsylvania. Amongst its recruits was Lewis N. Douglass, son of the famous ex-slave and abolitionist, Frederick Douglass. After a period of recruiting and training, the unit proceeded to the Department of the South, arriving at Hilton Head, South Carolina, on June 3, 1863. The regiment earned its greatest fame on July 18, 1863, when it led the unsuccessful and controversial assault on the Confederate positions at Battery Wagner. In this desperate attack, the Fifty-fourth was placed in the vanguard and over 250 men of the regiment became casualties. Shaw, the regiment's young colonel, died on the crest of the enemy parapet, shouting, "Forward, Fifty- fourth!" That heroic charge, coupled with Shaw's death, made the regiment a household name throughout the north, and helped spur black recruiting. For the remainder of 1863 the unit participated in siege operations around Charleston, before boarding transports for Florida early in February 1864. The regiment numbered 510 officers and men at the opening of the Florida Campaign, and its new commander was Edward N. Hallowell, a twenty-seven year old merchant from Medford, Massachusetts. Anxious to avenge the Battery Wagner repulse, the Fifty- fourth was the best black regiment available to General Seymour, the Union commander. Along with the First North Carolina Colored Infantry, the Fifty-fourth entered the fighting late in the day at Olustee, and helped save the Union army from complete disaster. The Fifty-fourth marched into battle yelling, "Three cheers for Massachusetts and seven dollars a month." The latter referred to the difference in pay between white and colored Union infantry, long a sore point with colored troops. Congress had just passed a bill correcting this and giving colored troops equal pay. However, word of the bill would not reach these troops until after the battle of Olustee. The regiment lost eighty-six men in the battle, the lowest number of the three black regiments present. After Olustee, the Fifty-fourth was not sent to participate in the bloody Virginia campaigns

Outline Procedures for Infection Control in Own Work Setting

Outline procedures for infection control in your own work setting At Gap Club to reduce the risk of infections we: 1. Provide protective clothing and equipment for staff in accordance with company procedures. 2. Have daily, weekly and monthly routine sterilising processes in place. 3. Outside contract cleaners clean premises daily. 4. If an outbreak does occur then a deep clean is completed in the appropriate area/s by Gap staff and contract cleaners.It is a fact that children will get ill and by following the guidelines in our policy it reduces unnecessary exposure to illnesses and ensures infections are managed effectively creating a happy and healthy club for all children and young people. If at any time there are any infectious diseases present at the Nursery this will be clearly displayed at the entrance to the room where the infection has occurred. At Gap Club to reduce the risk of infections we: 1. Provide protective clothing and equipment for staff in accordance with company procedures. . Have daily, weekly and monthly routine sterilising processes in place. 3. Outside contract cleaners clean premises daily. 4. If an outbreak does occur then a deep clean is completed in the appropriate area/s by Gap staff and contract cleaners. It is a fact that children will get ill and by following the guidelines in our policy it reduces unnecessary exposure to illnesses and ensures infections are managed effectively creating a happy and healthy club for all children and young people.If at any time there are any infectious diseases present at the Nursery this will be clearly displayed at the entrance to the room where the infection has occurred. At Gap Club to reduce the risk of infections we: 1. Provide protective clothing and equipment for staff in accordance with company procedures. 2. Have daily, weekly and monthly routine sterilising processes in place. 3. Outside contract cleaners clean premises daily. 4.If an outbreak does occur then a deep clean is completed i n the appropriate area/s by Gap staff and contract cleaners. It is a fact that children will get ill and by following the guidelines in our policy it reduces unnecessary exposure to illnesses and ensures infections are managed effectively creating a happy and healthy club for all children and young people. If at any time there are any infectious diseases present at the Nursery this will be clearly displayed at the entrance to the room where the infection has occurred.

Ethics of Conspiracy Theorizing Essay

In the context of this essay conspiracies will be defined where a proposed explanation E is a conspiracy theory if and only if E is a proposed causal explanation of an event (or set of events) which postulates secret plans and actions on the part of the group and E conflicts with the official story (or stories) of the same historical events. In this instance the official story will be defined where an explanation of an event E is an official story if and only if the explanation is a theory endorsed in a conventionally recognized way by an individual or institution that bears the relevant legal responsibility for events of type E, and for providing information to the public about them. In some cases conspiracies are morally permissible however usually they are the result of nefarious motivations on the part of the conspirators. In this essay I will use the examples of the Watergate scandal and the September 11 terrorist attacks to explain how in this respect conspiracy theorizing is more often morally permissible due to the just motivations of the conspiracy theorizers and the benefits conspiracy theorizing lends to our society. It is common knowledge that governments and political bodies around the world have engaged in conspiracies. A well known example of this is the Watergate scandal which occurred during the presidency of Richard Nixon. The Watergate scandal took place in the Watergate complex in Washington DC on the 17th of July 1972. The complex was the site of the Democratic National Committee headquarters where five men were found breaking and entering. All the men were connected to President Nixon’s Committee to Re-elect the President. This prompted an investigation which discovered many more illegal activities connected to President Nixon’s staff including campaign fraud, political espionage and sabotage, illegal break-ins, improper tax audits, illegal wiretapping, and a â€Å"laundered† slush fund used to pay those who conducted these operations. In this case the conspiracy was indeed the result of nefarious motivations on the part of President Nixon and his staff. While many and possibly most conspiracies are the result of similar motivations not all conspiracies are malevolent. For instance a conspiracy may (though perhaps not legally) be benevolent when the conspirators are acting in a way to protect the interests of the people. Reasons for this could be to prevent a counterproductive panic caused by revealing their plans before they are ready. Another conspiracy that would be both benevolent and responsible on behalf of the government would be conspiring to keep their nation ignorant of particular military actions in order to protect both the soldiers and the population that they govern. This would be the most responsible action on behalf of the government as it is their role to protect the people as best they can, in this case by way of a conspiracy. Although it is conceivable that there are some benevolent conspiracies where conspirators are trying to benefit society I think it holds true that the majority of conspiracies are caused by conspirators with nefarious intentions. It is obvious from conspiracies and cover ups like the Watergate scandal that conspiracies do take place (if not commonly) and so it follows that logically the existence of conspiracies altogether cannot be denied and furthermore it is irrational to disbelieve the existence of conspiracy theories. With this in mind it seems both reasonable and logical to conclude that conspiracy theorizing is a rational and possibly beneficial part of society. Steve Clarke supports this in â€Å"Conspiracy Theories and Conspiracy Theorizing (2002)† by proposing that ‘‘the conspiracy theorist challenges us to improve our social explanations’’ whereby he means that conspiracy theorists are invaluable to society as their existence pressures epistemic authorities such as the government to be careful in its practices and to ensure their ventures are kept above board. Clarke also reminds us that occasionally ‘‘the conspiracy theorist identifies a genuine conspiracy. ’ In contrast to Clarke, critics of conspiracy theorizing claim theorists cause unrest amongst society as they damage the trust between governments and their citizens. This is due to the way in which conspiracy theories often portray the government and government officials as being nefarious and underhanded in their dealings thus weakening the trust between society and the government. Similarly critics claim that conspiracy theorists create unrest amongst society by fostering negative beliefs about the government and the causes of historical events. Critics of conspiracy theorizing propose that unwarranted conspiracy theories have the potential to cause undesirable and harmful results. This is illustrated well by Mark Fenster in â€Å"Conspiracy Theories: Secrecy and Power in American Culture (2008)† where he postulates that ‘‘left critics argue that proper political analysis leads directly to effective political activity. Identifying both the general and historically specific economic and political structures that dominate enables activists to organize protests strategically and to build collective, alternative institutions in order to effect real social change. Conspiracy theory, on the other hand, either misattributes dominance to individuals, or simplistically places the blame for the ills of the world on individuals rather than on underlying, structural causes. As a result, it cannot lead to effective political activity; rather, it leads to harmful scapegoating; or it misleads activists into thinking that merely removing an individual or a secret group will transform society. † Arguments such as this are the cause of moral debate around conspiracy theorizing. The attacks on the Twin Towers, the 7 World Trade Centre building and the Pentagon in New York City and Washington D.  C in America on September the 11th 2001 became a catalyst for many highly publicized conspiracy theories. These conspiracy theories argue against the official story which states that the attacks were carried out solely by Al-Qaeda -a militant Islamic organization headed by Osama Bin Laden. The official story proposes that four commercial passenger airlines were hijacked by 19 members of Al-Qaeda. Two planes, American Airlines flight 11 and United Airlines Flight 175 were hijacked and flown in a suicide mission into the north and south towers of the World Trade Centre in New York City. Both of these towers collapsed within 2 hours due to structural damage caused by fires from the initial plane crash. The third plane, American Airlines Flight 77, was flown into the headquarters of the United States Department of Defense in the Pentagon in Arlington County, Virginia. This caused parts of the western side of the pentagon to collapse. The fourth plane, United Airlines Flight 93, was intended to be flown into the Capitol of the United States, Washington D. C but instead crashed into a field in Pennsylvania when passengers attempted to gain control of the plane. One of the most noteworthy conspiracy theories regarding the September 11 attacks states that the collapse of the Twin Towers and 7 World Trade Center was caused by controlled demolition on the behalf of the United States government as opposed to the structural damage caused by fire which was quoted in the official story. Many physicists, architects and other intellectuals argue that the impact from the aircraft and the resulting fires could not have weakened the buildings to the extent which could cause them to completely collapse. Instead, conspiracy theorists posit that explosives were installed in the building on behalf of the government prior to the attacks. According to conspiracy theorists there is much errant data to support this such as accounts of people hearing explosions in the lobby while trying to escape the building. High profile conspiracy such as those pertaining to the September 11 terrorist attacks serve the well-being of society. They help to regulate the governments actions. Conspiracy theories are invaluable in keeping an honest government that is pressured to act within the law -especially if the government is aware that their citizens may question the official story. Governments have the capability to be respected leaders for the people or sources of harm, in a society where conspiracy theories have the ability to become such widespread public knowledge (such as the conspiracy theories surrounding the September 11 terrorist attacks) they ensure that the government remains working for the citizens as they are prepared to be scrutinized. In this way conspiracy theorizing is extremely beneficial to society which makes conspiracy theorizing morally justifiable. Another way in which conspiracy theorizing is beneficial to society is the how it encourages citizens to think for themselves in a way that otherwise they may not. Conspiracy theorizing allows individuals to challenge the official story rather than mindlessly believing stories that have been spoon fed to them by the relevant epistemic authorities and the media. Conspiracy theorizing also offers alternative explanations than the official stories such as arguments based on facts to consider rather than the stories spoon fed to them by the government. The media is an important tool for the conspiracy theorist, in most western countries the press has liberty to publish conspiracy theories and there are even some magazines such as the â€Å"Sceptic† magazine which is available worldwide. The freedom of the media aids the governments awareness that they could very publicly be caught out in a conspiracy. Being caught amongst a conspiracy would be tragic for any democratic government since they would lose so much public support which is necessary as one of the most important things to them is being re-elected. Because governments need public support so much they would indeed be very careful about the conspiracies attempted under their power. While most conspiracies are prompted by nefarious motivations the same is not true for conspiracy theories. I believe the key to the morality of either are the intentions of the conspirators or the theorists, regardless of the outcome. The varying morality of conspiracy theorizing and even conspiracies themselves can be explained by the doctrine of double effect. This doctrine states that an action that results in harm is morally permissible if it is the side effect of a morally good initiative. The doctrine proposes that if doing something intended to be morally good has a morally bad consequence as a side-effect then it is ethically permissible on the condition that the morally bad side-effect wasn’t intended even if it was foreseen to probably happen. An important feature of the doctrine states that the good result must be brought about independent of the bad one, the bad result must not be the means to the good result. To assist in helping my point about the difference in moral permissibility I will use the following hypothetical example: There is a large munitions factory set to be bombed by a bomber pilot. The pilot knows the munitions factory is next to an orphanage and that as a result of bombing the munitions factory a collateral of 2,000 civilian casualties are predicted. However bombing the munitions factory will defeat the enemy and protect other lives. I contend that the actions of the bomber may be morally permissible. However, if I alter the case just slightly: A bomber pilot is set to bomb a munitions factory. The pilot knows that the munitions factory is next to an orphanage and that 2,000 civilian casualties are predicted. In fact, bombing the munitions factory is the fastest and easiest way to cause such a number of casualties and this is why the bomber has chosen to bomb the factory. This will weaken the enemy’s esolve with the side-effect of getting rid of their munitions factory. I contend that in this instance the bomber’s action is obviously morally impermissible. Though this example seems unrelated to conspiracies and conspiracy theorizing it illustrates how the motivation behind an action deems its status of morality. In the case of conspiracy theorizing, a moral conspiracy theory would be one where the theorist truly believes they have uncovered a nefarious conspiracy and that by exposing it to the public they would be greatly benefitting society. The doctrine of double effect would apply for instance in the following two cases: In the first scenario Mandy notices lots of errant data regarding actions made by the government. Adding this data up Mandy believes she has unravelled a nefarious and underhanded scheme by government officials. Mandy truly believes that citizens ought to be aware of this conspiracy and that publicizing her conspiracy theory is in society’s best interest. Mandy knows that her theory negatively implicates many government officials and could be very harmful if she turns out to be wrong. In this case, regardless of whether or not Mandy’s claims turn out to be true her initial motivations were for the good of society. This is similar to the first scenario of the pilot bombing the munitions factory in that the bad result is just a side-effect of the morally good intention. I propose that in this way conspiracy theorizing can be morally just and in the cases where the theorist is proven correct society is reminded of the benefits of conspiracy theorizing. In the second case Mandy, who has been fired from her position in government administration notices the same errant data. Mandy links this data together and formulates a conspiracy theory which negatively implicates her previous superiors. While Mandy in this scenario may also have the intentions of publicizing her conspiracy theory in order to make people aware of a nefarious scheme on the part of the government, she is still motivated by the thought of harming the reputation of her previous superiors. In this case the doctrine states that Mandy’s actions were morally wrong as the morally wrong result was not a side effect of the morally good action. Rather, the morally wrong result of harming her previous superiors was one f the two intended concequences so in this case conspiracy theorizing would be morally wrong. Even though the two scenarios may have the same consequence it is the difference in motivation that alters the moral permissibility. I postulate that this is the same for all conspiracy theories, this means that when motivated by the intention to benefit society conspiracy theorizing is morally permissible. In the case of the September 11 terrorist attacks the moral permissibility of conspiracy theories surrounding the event depend on the intentions of the conspiracy theorists. If the intentions of the theorist are to benefit society by making us aware of a nefarious conspiracy surrounding the government of the United States then I propose that conspiracy theorizing would be morally justifiable. Though the United States government is portrayed to be nefarious and underhanded in this conspiracy theory if this is not the intended result of the conspiracy theorist but a negative side-effect brought about by the good action then conspiracy theorizing in this instance would remain morally justified. However, if the intention of the conspiracy theorist was to undermine the government by weakening the trust between them and their citizens then I conclude that conspiracy theorizing for this purpose (despite any morally good side-effects) is morally unjust. As I have shown clearly in my essay there are many situations in which conspiracy theorizing is a moral good. It is obvious that conspiracy theorizing is beneficial to our society as it pressures the government to work for the well-being of their citizens as they are prepared to be scrutinized. Conspiracy theorizing is also morally justified by the benefits it lends to individuals freedom of speech as well as the freedom of the press. As I have explained in this essay, the doctrine of double effect illustrates how the moral permissibility of conspiracy theorizing often rests upon each conspiracy theorists motivations. I conclude that while most conspiracies are the results of nefarious motivations the same is not true for conspiracy theorizing, instead conspiracy theorists are often motivated to benefit society in some way or another and in these cases their conspiracy theorizing is morally justifiable.

The Prevalence Of Diabetes Health And Social Care Essay

Diabetess Mellitus is considered to be a major public wellness job worldwide. Its planetary prevalence has been estimated by World Health Organization WHO to be more than 135 million. The projection for the twelvemonth 2025 estimates a 120 % addition in figure of instances throughout the universe ( Al-Lawati & A ; Mohammed 2000 ) and besides estimates a 150 % addition in the East Mediterranean Region ( EMR ) ( Al-Lawati et Al. 2002 ) . In EMR, the diabetes prevalence rate for grownups is 7.7 % but this figure rises to between 12 % and 20 % for older age groups in urban communities and in Gulf States ( EMRO 2005 ) . The prevalence is higher in developed states than developing states. However, more addition will be in the underdeveloped universe in the coming 30 old ages ( King et al. 1998 ) . This is clearly coercing the developing states to take active stairss towards commanding diabetes. Diabetess is a chief cause of morbidity and mortality globally. It was estimated that the extra planetary mortality attributable to diabetes in the twelvemonth 2000 to be 2.9 million decease. The diabetes is likely to be the 5th taking cause of decease ( Roglic et al. 2005 ) . This is true for Sultanate of Oman and the magnitude of the job is continuously increasing. I will research diabetes in Oman in a elaborate manner. I will be analysing the load of diabetes and the factors maintaining its prevalence high. I will besides foreground the steps that have been adopted to get the better of this job. At the terminal I will discourse the restraints and place the countries necessitating more attending in order to beef up the control of diabetes in Oman.The state:Sultanate of Oman occupies the southeasterly corner of the Arabian Peninsula. It is bounded by the Gulf of Oman, Arabian Sea, Yemen, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates. Its entire country is 309,500 square kilometers. The capital is Muscat. Oman comprises a costal field of 1700 kilometer length and an interior part of hills and desert. The population is 2.5 million harmonizing to 2003 nose count ( MONE 2005 ) . The population is preponderantly Arab, with Pakistani, Indian, and Zanzibari minorities. Around 51 % of the Omani population is under 15 old ages old. Omanis remain a big bulk ( 74 % ) in their state unlike some of the Gulf States, which are dominated by foreign workers ( Hejleh 2005 ) . Oman is administratively divided into 5 parts and 3 governorates with 59 Wilayates ( territory ) ( MOH 2003 ) . Ministry of Health is responsible for presenting wellness service in Oman. The wellness attention is provided free of cost for the Omani population all Omani but fee is applied for non-Omani population ( MONE 2004 ) .Burden of the disease:It is indispensable to discourse the prevalence of diabetes and the its complications in order to hold a general thought about the magnitude of the job in OmanPreva lence of diabetes:Diabetess prevalence is quickly increasing in Oman over last few old ages. The first national diabetes study, which was conducted in 1991, showed that the prevalence of diabetes in topics 20 old ages old and above is 8.3 % ( Al-Lawati et al. 2002 ) . It besides showed the impaired glucose tolerance trial prevalence was 10 % and impaired fasting glucose prevalence was 5.7 % ( DGP 2003 ) . Both figures were alarmingly high figures that necessities immediate control enterprises ( Asfour et al. 1995 ) . 10 old ages subsequently, the 2nd national study showed that the prevalence of diabetes was 11.6 % and that of impaired fasting glucose was 6.1 % ( Al-Lawati et al. 2002 ) . This is clearly demoing that the load of the disease has about increased by one tierce over a decennary. The prevalence of diabetes was higher among work forces. In 2000, it was 11.8 % and 11.3 % in work forces and adult females severally ( Al-Lawati et al. 2002 ) . The diabetic instances diagnosed in Oman are chiefly of type II. This type constitutes about 95 % and type I constitutes merely 5 % ( DGP 2004 ) . The prevalence is summarised in table one. Year Type of sample Diabetess prevalence IFG prevalence 1991 Fasting blood sample 8.3 % 5.7 % 2000 Fasting blood sample 11.6 % 6.1 % Table 1: Prevalence of Diabetes and IFG in Oman in topics 20 old ages old and above harmonizing to national wellness studies in 1991 & A ; 2000.Prevalence of diabetic complications:The load of the disease can besides be measured by the prevalence of its complications. Many of diabetic complications do be in Oman in higher rates. Some of these are:Diabetic oculus diseases:The diabetic retinopathy prevalence in Oman is 14.39 % and it is the commonest cause of sightlessness in people age 30-69years ( Khandekar et al. 2003 ) . It was besides shown the rate of glaucoma among diabetic patient was 8.87 % ( Khandekar & A ; Zutshi 2004 ) . In both complications, the diabetic patients are at higher hazard. It could be easy drawn from these two surveies that a particular attention must be given to diabetic patients to cut down the ocular disablements.Diabetic pes diseases:It has been found that the diabetes is responsible for 51.8 % of all amputations reported in Oman ( DGP 2004 ) . Foot compli cations are one of the most serious and dearly-won complications of diabetes. It is an pressing issue that need more attending.Cardiovascular diseases:It was shown in 2004 that most of diabetic Omani patients died as a consequence of cardiovascular complications ( MOH 2005 ) . This is due to the fact that hazard factors for the development of macro-vascular diseases are often found in diabetic patients ( DGHA 2003 ) .Nephritic failures:It was shown that 33 % of nephritic failure instances diagnosed in Oman are due to diabetes ( MOH 2005 ) .Factors behind diabetes in Oman:Such high prevalence of diabetes is perfectly maintained by many implicit in factors. The chief factors are summarized in table two. No. Factor 1 Dietary form 2 Physical inaction 3 Corpulent or fleshy 4 Other behavioral hazard factors ( e.g. smoke ) 5 Akin matrimony 6 Familial susceptibleness Table 2: Underlying factors behind diabetes Oman has rapid socioeconomic developments that are associated with urbanization consequence. This consequence is really clear particularly in Muscat and secondly in Batinah part. This is due to the fact that more than 56 % of the population life in those two parts which represent merely 15 % of the entire country ( MONE 2005 ) . The urbanization consequence is manifested in rapid life manners alterations such as alterations in dietetic form ( High fat/ high salt/ Calorie dense diet ) and decreased physical activity ( DGHA 2003 ) . There was a pronounced displacement from simple traditional life styles to more westernized life manners. The physical inaction is high and its prevalence is 22.5 and 3.1 in males and females severally ( DGP 2004 ) . The rapid addition in auto ownership has led to further lessening in physical activity. Fleshiness and corpulence are closely associated with diabetes. It has been shown in 2001, 47.4 % of diabetic patients either corpulent or fleshy ( Al-Lawat i et al. 2002 ) . In 2000, the age adjusted prevalence of fleshiness reached 16.7 % in work forces, compared to 10.5 % in 1991. In adult females the prevalence was 23.8 % in 2000 compared to 25.1 % in 1991.Both corpulence and fleshiness has markedly increased among Omani work forces during the past decennary, while a worsening tendency was seen among Omani adult females. The worsening tendency among females could be explained by increasing educational degree, worsening birthrate rates and improved consciousness of self image ( Al-Lawati & A ; Jousilahti 2004 ) . However, the prevalence is still high for both sexes and need more attending through establishing effectual nutritionary plans and promotional life manner alteration plans ( Al-Riyami & A ; Afifi 2003 ) . In add-on, smoke is closely associated with many non-communicable diseases and it is common in Oman. Recent studies for the prevalence of behavioral hazard factors among big Omanis have revealed a high prevalence of smoke ( 23 % male smoke and 1.5 % among females ) ( Al-Lawati & A ; Hill 2001 ) . Another factor underlying the higher prevalence is akin matrimony between Omani. Arranged matrimonies are normally seen between first or 2nd degree relations. This will increase the familial heritage of diabetes ( Al-Haddad Y 2003 ) . A familial susceptibleness may besides explicate why diabetes has become an â€Å" epidemic † . In comparing to Caucasian and European populations with similar grades of fleshiness and glucose tolerance, Arabs are more insulin-resistant than Europeans. This feature, which is a strong forecaster of diabetes, seems to be genetically determined in these populations ( Al-Mahroos 2003 ) . Equally long as the above mentioned factors exist, the diabetic prevalence will be high. So it sounds logic controlling of these factors will cut down diabetic prevalence.Diabetess is a existent wellness challenge in Oman:From the above, it is clear that the diabetic load has increased signif icantly and at the same clip its underlying or lending factors do be strongly. This puts Oman ‘s wellness attention system at cross roads as it is witnessing an epidemiological passage from catching diseases to non-communicable diseases ( DGP 2003 ) . This should be accompanied by a passage displacement in the system from commanding infective and childhood unwellness to face challenges of the twenty-first century in battling chronic unwellness such as diabetes, high blood pressure and fleshiness. One of the challenges is incorporating and bettering the quality of wellness attention provided to diabetic people. Presently, a significant proportion of the Ministry of Health budget is spent on direction of diabetes and its complications ( DGHA 2003 ) . The passage from catching disease to non-communicable diseases is manifested clearly in morbidity and mortality indexs. It is shown in figure one there is a raising tendency in the per centum of non-communicable diseases part to the entire out patient section ( OPD ) visits. It increased from 42.5 % in 1996 to make 53.2 % in 2004. On the other manus, there is a worsening tendency for catching diseases part ( DGP 2004 ) . Figure 1: Catching and non-communicable diseases part to the OPD morbidity in 1996 & A ; 2004. Inpatient morbidity of non-communicable diseases had besides increased in comparing with catching diseases over the last nine old ages as shown in figure two. They contributed approximately 36.1 % and 39.6 % of entire discharge instances in 1996 and 2004 severally. Figure 2: Catching and non-communicable diseases part to the inpatient morbidity in 1996 & A ; 2004. Out of these non catching diseases, diabetes is considered to be the 2nd prima cause of inpatient morbidity in male and female in the age group 45 old ages and supra after ischaemic bosom disease ( MOH 2005 ) . The load is good demonstrated by the fact that diabetes mellitus is entirely responsible for about 9 % of all grownup infirmary admittances and 12 % of the grownup infirmary bed tenancy rate ( Asfour et al. 1991 ) . Inpatient morbidity for diabetes has raised steadily from 1528 instances in 1986 to 3695 instances in the twelvemonth 2000 as shown in figure three ( Al-Lawati et al. 2002 ) . Figure 3: Number of diabetic instances registered in 1986 & A ; 2000. Distribution of new diabetic patients harmonizing to the age groups is shown in figure four. It is shown in that about tierce of the diabetic instances are diagnosed at the 40-49 old ages group and a high proportion even after the age of 50 old ages ( MOH 2005 ) . This indicates somehow that there is hold in the diagnosing. This could be due either unavailable services or patients non be given to seek intervention early. Figure 4: Distribution of new diabetic patients harmonizing to the age groups.Diabetess care in Oman:Ministry of Health has ensured the wellness attention to be readily accessible to all. It is free of charge and delivered through more than 156 wellness establishments ( MOH 2003 ) .Diabetic attention is ensured and provided through National Diabetes Prevention and Control plan. The 6th five twelvemonth program ( 2001-2005 ) has identified diabetes as a major precedence ( DGP 2003 ) .National Diabetes Prevention and Control Program and its accomplishments:This plan was initiated in 1991 and is managed by the section of non-communicable disease surveillance and control represented by diabetes bar and control subdivision. The caput of this subdivision is the national plan director. The plan is responsible for developing constabularies and implementing schemes for diabetes control ( Al-Lawati et al. 2002 ) . It aims to supply diabetic attention in all wellness degrees: primary, secondary and third in close coaction with each other to guarantee an effectual referral system. Its aims are ( DGHA 2003 ) : Prevent the disease susceptible persons and communities. Early sensing of persons at high hazard. Keeping a better quality of life for diabetic patient and cut down the long term complications and therefore cut down its morbidity and mortality. Provide suited and quality wellness instruction to diabetic patient ‘s relations and the community. The aims are crisp and comprehensive. They are directed foremost towards the bar of the disease and secondly to early sensing through testing plans. In instance these failed to be fulfilled, an of import aim is to keep a better life quality to the patient. Many accomplishments took topographic point over the last 14 old ages Such as ( EMRO 2005 ) : The diabetic control plan was integrated in primary wellness attention in 1995 ( MOH 2003 ) . So that all basic services required for diabetic patients are available at the primary wellness attention establishments through the constitution of mini diabetic clinic. This has optimized the direction of diabetes at the primary wellness attention degree ( Al-Lawati et al. 2002 ) . A good advancement in rating of national diabetes registry in which all diabetic patients are registered. Registers are maintained on a regular basis in which all patient inside informations are mentioned. This registry was initiated foremost in 2000 ( DGHA 2003 ) . It is a good mechanism for follow up within the catchment country of wellness establishment. Annual preparation workshops for the staff ( Doctors/ nurses ) . This is of great value in updating the cognition and experiences of the old staff and introduces the new staff to the plan. These workshops could besides be used to work out challenges confronting the regional plan. They are conducted at territory and provincial degrees. Constitution of a policy for oculus attention for all new diabetic patients. There was a existent demand for such policy as the diabetic oculus diseases are increasing in Oman. The plan director at the cardinal degree is responsible for organizing the activities between different degrees. A squad at the primary wellness attention degree provides the diabetic attention. Antidiabetic drugs and insulin are being made available free of charges to all Omani ( Al-Lawati et al. 2002 ) . This squad consists of doctor, nurse, dietician / diet technician and wellness pedagogue as shown in figure five ( DGHA 2003 ) . The diabetes squad at the primary wellness attention Health Educator Dietician / Diet technician Nurse Doctor Take basic measurings Maintain patient records. Provide list of defaulters. Provide Diabetic attention Maintain diabetic register Train other members Inform and educate patient on basic and exigency state of affairss. Health instruction follow up. Provide dietetic advice. Advice patient how to cover with hypoglycemia. Figure 5: The construction of the squad members and their chief duties. The construction of the squad is good defined with clearly demarcated functions and duties which are designed to undertake the most pressing issues required in the diabetic attention. The squad is supervised by a regional diabetologist at the secondary wellness attention degree. There are nine regional diabetologists in Oman ; one in each part. In add-on, the regional diabetologist should develop the primary wellness attention doctors on the basic direction of diabetes and this may include regular visits to primary wellness attention establishments in his/her part.Prevention of diabetes in Oman:Ministry of Health has adopted many bar schemes. The bar is considered as precedence and it is achieved through three degrees ( DGHA 2003 ) :Primary bar:This is done through commanding the implicit in causes and hazard factors. It aims at increasing consciousness about diabetes by mass instruction candidacy, telecasting and wireless. The diabetic squad at the primary wellness attention degree conducts most of the wellness instruction activities.Secondary bar:This aims at early sensing of instances. It includes screening individuals at high hazard for diabetes and its complications every three old ages. The people at hazard are corpulent ( Body mass index & gt ; 30 Kg/m ) , first grade with diabetes mellitus, history of gestational diabetes mellitus, high blood pressure and dyslipedemia.Third bar:This includes proper direction and any action taken to forestall complications. The schemes for third bar involve testing for early complication phases, rigorous metabolic control, instruction and effectual intervention.Constraints to a better diabetic attention:Although there are a batch of good accomplishments of the diabetic attention, many restraints confronting the better attention such as:Need for a National diabetic Centre:There is no national diabetic Centre in Oman. All complicated instances end up in the medical wards in the third infirmaries. This is particularly of ad ded importance as the load of disease is increasing. It is an pressing issue to set up a diabetic Centre in which all the diabetic instances will be evaluated and managed by following the same guidelines. The diabetic Centre should be besides responsible for carry oning preparation workshops and besides bring forthing studies and surveies.Inadequate installations for direction of diabetic pes:As the figure of diabetic instances addition, figure of diabetic pes instances besides increases. So far no organic structure is specialized in diabetic pes attention in the Sultanate and the intercession or direction is still non effectual. Merely one workshop was conducted in this respect in December 2004 but it was merely an introductory workshop and the participants were merely staff nurses and no physicians ( IDF 2004 ) . There is a existent demand for more expertness and extremely specialised techniques in diabetic pes attention. This will finally better the patient quality of life.How ca n the diabetic attention be improved further in Oman?This inquiry can be answered merely by analyzing the precedence work countries. This analysis finally will take to many future schemes that can be used efficaciously in bettering the diabetic attention. The top of import schemes are:Prevention of diabetes through life manner alteration:The most effectual manner of bettering the diabetic attention is by forestalling the disease. This is the first measure and can be carried out by sing bar of diabetes through life manner alteration as a precedence. It is logic as the type II being the most common type of diabetes and it is chiefly due to life manner alterations and besides its prevalence increasing twelvemonth after twelvemonth. Empowering the community to take control over their ain wellness could carry through this. As a consequence, wellness life manner alterations can be implemented at community degree in the signifier of healthy life manner undertakings. Through these undertaki ngs the wellness of people can be promoted by authorising them and affecting them in planning and taking determinations about different ways of accomplishing a better life manner. One such scheme is guaranting the active engagement of community leaders particularly on the international diabetes twenty-four hours, which is on the 14th of November every twelvemonth. An illustration of this was conducted in Oman in what is called Nizwa Healthy Life Style undertaking. However, this is still a new construct and more attempts should be done in this country. An illustration of a factor that needs more attending from the bar point of position is fleshiness. It appears to be the most of import individual mark variable to command if the incidence of diabetes is to be reduced. Although impermanent decreases in weight can be achieved by dietetic restraint, long-run control of fleshiness appears to depend on keeping higher energy outgo is the most of import. In Oman, most businesss are sedentary, walking and cycling are the two signifiers of activity through which energy outgo can most easy be increased. However, cycling is non at present culturally acceptable. This highlights the trouble of change by reversaling the inauspicious effects of lifestyle alterations. Alternatively, physical activity could be increased by regular engagement in exercising preparation plans, but long-run engagement in such plans would necessitate high degrees of motive ( Al-Mahroos 2003 ) .Early on and effectual showing plans:A 2nd measure towards a better attention is the executions of early and effectual showing plans. These plans should be regular and available in all different wellness establishments. Specific standards should be set up for the showing. The showing could be taken up one measure in front by sing the community and test the people in their places. This is important because a comprehensive population-based programme is the most cost-efficient attack to incorporate this emerging diabetic epidemic ( EMRO 2005 ) . An illustration of this could be the organisation of diabetic run in the community. This will pick the instances instantly taking to early sensing and direction.Combined diabetic clinic:Another measure is of class the better direction. The ultimate jail of the direction is to forestall the complications. At the same clip the direction of diabetic complications require many different fortes viz. diabetologist, physician, nephrologists and gynecologist. Keeping these issues in head, a better direction requires a multidisci plinary attack. This can be achieved by combined diabetic clinic in which diabetoligist and another specializer harmonizing to the status or the complications see the patient at the same time. These will better the attention by guaranting the understanding of the concerned physicians about the intervention program.Diabetic pes attention:Another issue of bettering the diabetic wellness attention is through the betterment of diabetic pes attention. The importance of this issue comes from the fact that the diabetes is responsible of 51.8 % of all amputations reported in Oman as mentioned above. The diabetes subject for 2005 is diabetes and pes attention. It will be a cost effectual attack because the diabetic pes is a important economic job, peculiarly if amputation consequences in drawn-out hospitalization, rehabilitation, and an increased demand for place attention and societal services ( IDF 2005 ) . The purpose is to cut down by half the figure of foot amputations caused by diabete s in the state ( IDF 2004 ) . This can be achieved through a attention scheme that combines: bar ; the multi-disciplinary intervention of pes ulcers ; appropriate organisation ; close monitoring, and the instruction of people with diabetes and health care professionals, it is possible to cut down amputation rates by between 49 % and 85 ( IDF 2005 ) .Coordination between MOH plans:Last, there should be coordination between different MOH plans in order to guarantee that all diabetic bar is good covered. These include nutritionary plan, antismoking plan and plan to advance physical activities.Pressing issues to be raised up:It is of import to implement effectual diabetes surveillance system in Oman. It could be used as an earlier anticipation of the epidemic nature of diabetes and its features. It is besides a necessary first measure toward its bar and control, which is now recognized as an pressing precedence ( King et al. 1998 ) . Furthermore, it is indispensable to set up a quality confidence system. Such system will take to uninterrupted rating which is important to the success of national diabetes control plan. It should concentrate on both procedure steps and result steps ( EMRO 2005 ) . Rehabilitation of diabetic patients is indispensable and a precedence. It is a cost effectual attack. This is because many persons with diabetes may develop disenabling complications with high associated costs ( DGHA 2003 ) .Decision:Oman is undergoing demographic and socio-economic alterations, which favours an addition in the load of diabetes presenting a hard challenge. The diabetic control plan is good in topographic point and bar activities are traveling on in all different degrees. However, there is a existent demand for set uping quality confidence mechanisms in topographic point for the plan. As portion of this it is besides necessary to set up a Centre of excellence at the third degree which could supply the needful advanced diabetic attention and besides map to sets criterions in the attention of diabetics. It is besides required to concentrate every bit good augment attempts for better bar in order to minimise the underlying modifiable hazard factors. Ultimately, these ste ps could cut down the diabetic prevalence or at least command it at this degree.